When decay spreads into the inner layers of the tooth when restoring it with a filling is not possible root canal treatment is the only option to save the tooth. The treatment involves the use of a variety of instruments and equipments and their judicious use leads to an almost 95% success rate. With the advent of rotary endodontics where we use a combination of hand and rotary instruments excellent results are obtained. What’s more, we are treating more and more patients in just one appointment.The use of certain medicaments like calcium hydroxide has reduced the number of surgeries needed to remove infections around the roots of the teeth.